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Abstract
This study conducted a systematic literature review and content analysis to examine the state of the art in organic waste composting through commercial adoption for the circular economy (CE) and reduced environmental consequences in advancing sustainable waste management within a CE framework. Commercial composting diverts substantial amounts of organic waste from landfills, reducing methane emissions. For instance, the Japanese food processing industry generates 9.5 million tons of organic waste annually, with 25% directed to composting, highlighting its role in waste reduction. This research utilizes extensive life cycle assessments to assess the environmental and economic viability of various composting techniques, while comparative studies examine the pros and cons of technologies such as in-vessel systems and forced aerated windrows. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis reveals significant research trends, regulatory shortcomings, and worldwide policy measures influencing the adoption of commercial composting practices. The results show that integrating the Internet of things (IoT)-enabled sensors and biochar can optimize composting processes, improving nutrient retention and reducing emissions. Moreover, decentralized composting can reduce municipal collection costs by 15-25% and extend landfill lifespans by 5-10 years. Community-based models, such as New York City compost project, demonstrate how policy support and public engagement can enhance composting’s socio-economic benefits and promote zero waste initiatives. The study highlights technological solutions to tackle these issues, i.e., the application of biochar, IoT-based monitoring systems, and small-scale composting methods. The research underscores the importance of implementing effective policies and strategies to encourage public participation, which are crucial for widespread adoption and long-term sustainability. Addressing these issues through technological innovation, policy development, and public education is crucial for strengthening composting’s role in sustainable resource management.
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Article Type: Review Article
EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES, Volume 9, Issue 4, 2025, Article No: em0319
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/16579
Publication date: 01 Oct 2025
Online publication date: 07 Jul 2025
Article Views: 39
Article Downloads: 16
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