Sustainability Subjects in University Education - Development of a Comprehensive Indicator System and Quantitative Analysis of Degree Programs at German Universities
Eckard Helmers, Fabienne Ilchmann
European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, Volume 3, Issue 4, Article No: em0092
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/5771
Research Article
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[References]
ABSTRACT
A new comprehensive evaluation system presented here allows to compare and to quantify education for a sustainable development (ESD) in degree programs. The evaluation is based on a criteria system working with three hierarchic levels. The highest level considers a list of 35 indicator terms. Primarily, the two most popular undergraduate (bachelor’s) degree programs in Germany (mechanical engineering, ME, and business administration, BA) have been reviewed for ESD contents based on the new evaluation scheme. Additionally we reviewed and quantified ESD subjects and their temporal changes in the entire bandwidth of degree programs of a university (Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, University of Applied Sciences Trier), back to 1999. Moreover, a spot check on international ME and BA bachelor’s degree programs was performed. Through our reviews, we found a high number of elective classes dedicated to ESD particularly in BA bachelor programs. However, the percentage of compulsory classes related to ESD is relatively low with 5-6 % in both ME and BA programs, respectively. The spot check on degree programs outside Germany revealed similar results. Analysing the time trend at Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, a considerable share of ESD that was part of the original diploma degrees was moved to what are now master’s degrees.
Keywords: higher education for a sustainable development, ESD, sustainability education, indicator system, time trend, Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, bachelor degree programs in business administration and mechanical engineering
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Investigation of Influence of Injector Opening Pressure and Nozzle Geometry on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine with CAOME
Varun Kumar Reddy N, S. G. Sangashetty, Nagaraj Ramalingayya Banapurmath
European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, Volume 3, Issue 4, Article No: em0093
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/5787
Research Article
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[References]
ABSTRACT
The diminution of fossil fuels and stringent pollution norms obliging researchers to search for fuels that result in less pollution and the one that suits to power compressed ignition engines. In the current work the effect IOP (Injector opening pressure) and nozzle geometry on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled by Castor oil methyl esters (CAOME) is reported. For a 5-hole nozzle at 240 bar IOP the highest brake power is obtained (27.32%). Peak pressure gradual upturn was observed when the IOP was varied from 210 bar to 240 bar and the peak value of pressure is 79 bar at IOP of 240 bar.
Keywords: inject opening pressure, injection timing, castor oil methyl esters
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