Cross-border hydro-politics and resource security in the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra basin: Challenges and policy imperatives
Dileep Kumar 1 * , Ajay Kumar Yadav 2 , Uma Shankar Yadav 1 , Anand Kumar Mishra 1 , Atul Kumar 3
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1 School of Liberal Art, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA2 Registrar Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA3 Department of CSE, Chandigarh University Uttar Pradesh, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Hydropolitics between China, India, and neighboring South Asian nations, especially concerning shared water resources along the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra in India), is a significant concern. This study examines political, economic, and environmental interactions within the basin across China, India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. It assesses China’s hydropower projects' impacts on downstream regions, notably in India, emphasizing challenges like water availability, ecological balance, and livelihoods. While China delays its water diversion plans, midstream dam construction poses challenges. The paper advocates cooperative frameworks for effective water resource management, underscoring transboundary water issues' role in regional geopolitics. It explores broader consequences of water insecurity on socio-economic development and environmental sustainability, contributing to understanding Yarlung Tsangpo River hydro-politics amidst growing water scarcity and competition in Asia. This research highlights four major dam projects which cumulatively exceed 1500 MW in capacity and threaten more than 20 million people living downstream. The results have practical implications for developing cooperative models and pre-emptive systems for managing trans-boundary rivers in South Asia.

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Article Type: Research Article

EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES, Volume 10, Issue 1, 2026, Article No: em0351

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/17397

Publication date: 01 Jan 2026

Online publication date: 09 Nov 2025

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