Fabrication of briquettes from charcoal fines using tannin formaldehyde resin as a binder
Wilfred Chipangura 1 * , Brian Masauli 1 , Chakanaka Pardon Mungwari 2 , Benias Chomunorwa Nyamunda 1 , Tapiwa Nancy Madziwa 1 , Lindrose Nyathi 1 , Henrietta Thandiwe Tom 1 , Marko Chigondo 1
More Detail
1 Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, Mutare, ZIMBABWE2 Department of Chemical Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, ZIMBABWE* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Charcoal fines, a waste emanating from charcoal transportation and handling, were utilized in the fabrication of briquettes using tannin-formaldehyde resin as a binder to meet ever expanding energy demand. A collection of four briquette samples were fabricated with binder proportions of 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%. These briquettes were characterized using Fourier transform infra-red and thermogravimetric analyses techniques. Furthermore, the briquettes were subjected to physical parameters namely bulk density, impact resistance index (IRI), water resistance index (WRI), and water boiling test. The bulk density of the briquettes was 1.153-1.495 g/cm3, IRI was 6.79-73.33, and WRI was 99.24-99.29. The briquettes exhibited an ignition time of 5.38-6.21 minutes, boiling time of 19.50-37.20 minutes, burning rate of 3.20-8.70 g/minute, and a specific fuel consumption of 54.70-64.30 g/L. Higher heating value range for the briquettes was 19.76-23.23 MJ/kg and the briquettes with 40% binder showed the best physical qualities with great fuel potential. Therefore, the fabricated briquettes have demonstrated great potential as a source of cleaner and sustainable energy.

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2024, Article No: em0249

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14125

Publication date: 16 Jan 2024

Article Views: 937

Article Downloads: 938

Open Access References How to cite this article