Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy

Jorika Theart; Sanette Marx; Sanjib Kumar Karmee

doi:10.29333/ejosdr/9291

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Jorika Theart ¹, Sanette Marx ¹, Sanjib Kumar Karmee ² ^*

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¹ School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, SOUTH AFRICA² Thermo-Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Anand, Gujarat, INDIA^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Waste oil was extracted from lollipop effluent stream using a mixture of organic solvents viz. n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Lollipop effluent samples found to contain ~ 10-18 wt.% oil. Subsequently, the oil was subjected to biodiesel synthesis under solvent free condition using chemical and enzymatic catalysts. Among the base catalysts used, KOH catalyzed reaction gave highest biodiesel yield (99 %) in 20 minutes. Furthermore, nine different lipases were screened as catalysts for biodiesel preparation from lollipop effluent oil. The screening experiments revealed that Novozyme-435 was best among the lipases which gave 94 % biodiesel in 18 h at 40 ⁰C.

Keywords

sustainability
circular economy
lollipop effluent
catalysts
biodiesel

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES, 2021, Volume 5, Issue 1, Article No: em0146

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

Publication date: 29 Nov 2020

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How to cite this article

APA

Theart, J., Marx, S., & Karmee, S. K. (2021). Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 5(1), em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

Vancouver

Theart J, Marx S, Karmee SK. Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy. EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES. 2021;5(1):em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

AMA

Theart J, Marx S, Karmee SK. Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy. EUR J SUSTAIN DEV RES. 2021;5(1), em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

Chicago

Theart, Jorika, Sanette Marx, and Sanjib Kumar Karmee. "Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy". European Journal of Sustainable Development Research 2021 5 no. 1 (2021): em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

Harvard

Theart, J., Marx, S., and Karmee, S. K. (2021). Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 5(1), em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291

MLA

Theart, Jorika et al. "Chemical and Enzymatic Valorisation of Confectionery Waste into Biofuel: An Application of Circular Economy". European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, em0146. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/9291